answer:ASPM L1 SS (Active State Power Management Link State) and PCIe (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express) GEN 1 are two different technologies related to power management and data transfer in computers. ASPM L1 SS is a power-saving technology that reduces power consumption by dynamically adjusting the link speed and power state of PCIe components, such as graphics cards and network adapters. This technology puts devices in a low-power mode when they are idle or not actively transferring data, reducing electricity usage and heat generation. PCIe Gen 1 is the first generation of PCIe technology, which is a high-speed serial interface that connects various components in a computer, such as graphics cards, sound cards, and storage devices, to the processor and memory. PCIe Gen 1 supports a maximum speed of 2.5 Gbit/s per lane, which is about 250 MB/s in each direction. Together, ASPM L1 SS and PCIe Gen 1 can help reduce power consumption and improve data transfer speeds in computers. However, newer generations of PCIe technology, such as PCIe 4.0 and PCIe 5.0, offer much faster speeds and more advanced power management features.

answer:ASPM (Active State Power Management) is a power-saving technology that reduces power consumption by dynamically adjusting the power state and link speed of PCIe (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express) components, such as graphics cards and network adapters. ASPM has different levels of power management, including L0, L1, L2, and L3. Among these, L1.1 and L1.2 are the two sub-levels of L1, and the difference between them is the way they manage power during low traffic periods. ASPM L1.1 is a low-power state that puts the PCIe component into a "partial link width" mode, where some of the lanes may be temporarily disabled when there is no data transfer. This mode helps reduce power consumption but takes longer to ramp up to the highest speed when data transfer resumes, resulting in slightly lower performance. ASPM L1.2 is a deeper power-saving state that puts the PCIe component into an "L0s" state, where the link is turned off completely when there is no data transfer. This mode helps reduce power consumption further and results in faster ramp-up times when data transfer resumes. However, it may also cause more latency and potential compatibility issues with some devices. In summary, ASPM L1.2 provides deeper power savings and faster ramp-up times but may require more careful consideration when it comes to compatibility, while ASPM L1.1 strikes a balance between power savings and performance.

answer:计算机内存（或简称内存）是计算机系统中用于暂时存储数据和程序的硬件部件。它允许计算机在执行任务时快速访问存储在其中的数据。计算机内存主要有两种类型：随机存取存储器（RAM）和只读存储器（ROM）。 1. 随机存取存储器（RAM）：这是计算机内存的主要形式，用于在计算机运行时存储操作系统、程序和数据。它是易失性的，这意味着当计算机断电时，存储在RAM中的所有数据都会丢失。RAM有两种类型：静态RAM（SRAM）和动态RAM（DRAM）。SRAM速度较快，但成本较高，通常用于高速缓存（cache）；而DRAM成本较低，但速度较慢，是计算机主内存的主要类型。 2. 只读存储器（ROM）：这种内存可永久存储数据和程序，即使计算机断电也不会丢失。ROM的一个典型应用是存储计算机的基本输入输出系统（BIOS），这是计算机在启动时运行的固件。ROM不可随机访问，因此速度较慢，但它是非易失性的，适用于存储计算机的基本程序和配置数据。 计算机内存的容量通常以字节（Byte）为单位，常见的容量有千字节（KB）、兆字节（MB）、吉字节（GB）和太字节（TB）。随着计算机技术的不断发展，内存容量和速度也在不断提高，以满足越来越复杂的计算需求。

answer:首先需要准备好待加载的图片，其中yuv图片需要进行转换为rgba格式。可以使用ffmpeg等工具进行转换，具体方式如下： 将yuv文件转换成rgb文件： ``` ffmpeg -s widthxheight -pix_fmt yuv420p -i input.yuv -vf "format=rgb24" -f rawvideo output.rgb ``` 将rgb文件转换成rgba文件： ``` ffmpeg -f rawvideo -pix_fmt rgb24 -s widthxheight -i input.rgb -vf "pad=width:height:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2:color" -f rawvideo output.rgba ``` 其中，width和height分别为图片的宽和高，input.yuv和input.rgb分别为待转换的yuv和rgb文件名，output.rgb和output.rgba分别为转换后的rgb和rgba文件名。 接下来，我们需要使用OpenGL ES 3.2版本和C语言来加载和显示这两张图片。首先需要引入相关头文件： ```c #include <GLES3/gl32.h> #include <GLES3/gl3ext.h> #include <GLFW/glfw3.h> #include <math.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <stdint.h> #include <string.h> ``` 然后，我们需要编写一个加载和显示图片的函数loadImage()，具体代码如下： ```c static GLuint loadImage(const char* path) { FILE* file = fopen(path, "rb"); if(!file) { printf("Failed to open %sn", path); exit(1); } fseek(file, 0, SEEK_END); const long size = ftell(file); fseek(file, 0, SEEK_SET); unsigned char* data = (unsigned char*)malloc(size); fread(data, size, 1, file); fclose(file); int w, h, channel; unsigned char* image = stbi_load_from_memory(data, size, &w, &h, &channel, 0); free(data); if(!image) { printf("Failed to decode %sn", path); exit(1); } GLuint texture; glGenTextures(1, &texture); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_BASE_LEVEL, 0); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAX_LEVEL, 0); if(channel == 3) { glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, w, h, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, image); } else { glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, w, h, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, image); } stbi_image_free(image); return texture; } ``` 该函数首先打开指定路径下的图片文件，读取图片数据并解码，然后生成纹理并将图片数据加载到纹理中。我们可以通过调整glTexImage2D()函数中的参数来指定不同的纹理格式。 接下来，我们需要编写一个渲染函数render()，其中实现alpha blend的代码： ```c static void render(GLuint rgbaTexture, GLuint yuvTexture) { glClearColor(0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f); glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); glEnable(GL_BLEND); glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA); glUseProgram(shaderProgram); glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "rgbaTex"), 0); glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "yuvTex"), 1); glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, rgbaTexture); glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE1); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, yuvTexture); glBindVertexArray(vao); glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, 6, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0); glBindVertexArray(0); } ``` 该函数首先设置背景颜色并清空画布，然后启用alpha blend功能，并调用glBlendFunc()函数指定混合方式。接着，我们需要指定着色器并绑定纹理，并调用glDrawElements()函数绘制一个矩形进行显示。 最后，我们还需要编写一个main函数，将以上两个函数调用起来： ```c int main() { if(!glfwInit()) return -1; glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3); glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 2); glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT, GL_TRUE); glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE); GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(640, 480, "OpenGL Alpha Blend", NULL, NULL); if(!window) { glfwTerminate(); return -1; } glfwMakeContextCurrent(window); if(glewInit() != GLEW_OK) return -1; GLuint rgbaTexture = loadImage("rgba.png"); GLuint yuvTexture = loadImage("yuv.rgb24"); vao = createVao(); shaderProgram = createShaderProgram(vertex_shader_source, fragment_shader_source); while(!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) { render(rgbaTexture, yuvTexture); glfwSwapBuffers(window); glfwPollEvents(); } glfwTerminate(); return 0; } ``` 在运行以上代码后，我们即可在窗口中看到加载和混合后的图片。